Federation Council representatives: Valery Sudarenko (2000 to 2015) and Alexei Alexandrov (2004 to 2015)
Population: 1,001,559 (2010 census)
Capital: Kaluga (population 327,650), 188 km from Moscow
Other major cities: Obninsk (105,600)
Federal district: Central
Economic region: Central
Time zone: Moscow, GMT +3, EST +8
Geography: Kaluga is located in the eastern part of European Russia. It borders the Moscow, Tula, Bryansk and Smolensk regions. The Oka and Desna rivers flow through the region. The Kaluga Region has rich deposits of brown coal (36% of total brown coal reserves of the Central Federal District), 17% of phosphate rock, 13% of lime, and 10% of diatomite
Urban population: 75%, Rural population: 25%
Economy: While Kaluga does have a well-developed industrial sector centered around engineering and metalworking, it is best known as one of Russia's largest scientific centers. A large scientific research complex is located in the city of Obninsk. The laboratories there carry out innovative research and development work in the areas of atomic energy, space technology and robotics.
